Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphismsin miRNA and Breast Cancer Risk

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and as the most commoncancer in women, many genes are involved in it. Whilehigh penetrance genes BRCA۱ and BRCA۲ play an essentialrole in tumorigenesis, moderate and low penetrance genes arealso involved. microRNA molecules in the central dogma limitthe translation process. Any changes in their sequence, especiallysingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may lead to anincreased risk of breast cancer. SNPs are the most common variantsin the human genome. Although the role of miRNA SNPsin BC susceptibility has been widely studied, results have beeninconsistent. miR-SNPs are considered as potential biomarkersfor the early detection of breast cancer, but their role in diseaseprogression is not well established. Therefore, more studiesare needed to understand the role of these genes in breastcarcinogenesis. In the current study – with a descriptive-reviewmethod, the investigation of important genetic polymorphismsin breast cancer, the introduction of known miR-SNPs that arerelated to breast cancer, and the relationship of polymorphismswith the risk of breast cancer have been discussed. The resultsshow that by continent, the highest proportion of studies to datehave been conducted in Asia (۶۵.۰%) and the lowest proportionin Africa (۱.۸%). SNPs rs۲۹۱۰۱۶۴ (miRNA ۱۴۶a), rs۱۱۶۱۴۹۱۳(miRNA-۱۹۶a۲), rs۳۷۴۶۴۴۴ (miRNA-۴۹۹), and rs۶۵۰۵۱۶۲(miRNA-۴۲۳) were most associated with increased BC risk.Also, the effect of an SNP on BC risk depends on the population'srace

کلیدواژه ها:

single nucleotide polymorphisms ، miRNA ، breastcancer ، association studies