Application of vortex-assisted solid phase extraction for simultaneous preconcentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on clinoptilolite nanoparticles modified with 5(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine

Recently, heavy metals pollution is widely considered as a main source of the environmental problems, since they have severe hazardous effects on the ecological systems. Cadmium and lead known as serious hazards and toxic heavy metals which distributed in nature and easily enter the food chain through a number of pathways, and tend to accumulate in living organisms causing various diseases and disorders to the human health. Therefore, development of analysis methods for the accurate and precise determination of traces of these metals is meaningful for environmental monitoring. Solid phase extraction (SPE) using new adsorbent is currently one of the most widespread techniques for separation and preconcentration of metal ions. Among different sorbents, zeolites are most famous candidates because of their unique properties such as high cation exchange capacity and high adsorption capacity [1-5]. In this work, the SPE performance of modified clinoptilolite with 5(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine (PDR) as an adsorbent was investigated.